Your profile
Methods you'd like developed on the LUMA
What else would be useful?
Your inventory and your gravimetric certificates never leave this device. They're yours. Export them to your own directory whenever you like — we don't receive them and don't want them.
Submit a reference standard
Add a certificate — scan it with your phone
Android: tap this box, then tap the scan / camera icon on your Gboard keyboard; or open the photo in Google Lens, copy the text, and paste it here.
No scan-text option? Just take a photo in your Camera/Photos app, tap-and-hold the text to select and copy it, then paste.
Have a text-based PDF instead? Drop it here.
Add to inventory
What you've submitted
Prepared standards
Your records folder
What should we build next?
Anything not working?
Want to go further?
How to use this portal
1 · Connect your records folder — do this first
My files → Choose a folder. On desktop Chrome or Edge, the portal writes your certificates, COA records and photos straight into that folder. Pick a synced folder (OneDrive / SharePoint / Dropbox) if your team shares — everyone opens this page and picks the same folder.
2 · Submit a reference standard
Submit → enter the label details, optionally snap a photo, and submit. You get a submission ID. This is the only thing that reaches us — the label details and your contact, so we can arrange collection.
3 · Add a COA to your library — and keep the photo + data
COA library → scan the certificate with your phone's ⧉ Scan Text (or paste text) — it parses on your device. Attach a Photo of the label. When you add it, both the parsed record and the photo are kept: written into your records folder as a matching .json + .jpg pair, and the photo is also embedded inside the JSON so a single file travels with everything. Use ⤓ Save all to my folder to write your whole library at once. The library tracks expiry and warns you before anything lapses.
4 · Standard preparation tools
Tools is a launcher — pick a tool and it opens in its own workspace. Make a gravimetric blend builds a multi-component standard by mass and, once you enter what the balance actually read, back-calculates the true concentrations with uncertainty. Make a volumetric blend does the same up to a flask volume. Serial dilution plans each level and warns when a step needs less than a balance can weigh. Each run produces a Certificate of Preparation and files the standard in your Inventory.
5 · Lookup & the rest
Lookup — physical properties, storage guidance and prep notes for any compound. Inventory holds everything you keep and everything you prepare, filtered by type; My submissions — your saved records. Suggestions — tell us what to build next; we build what gets asked for.
A word on privacy
You create a free account (email + password) so your workgroup can share the tools. We store only your account and any reference standard you submit. Your inventory, COAs and certificates stay in your own folder. Reading a COA happens on your device — the certificate image is never uploaded.
Compound reference
Reference & education
1 · Concentration & units
The first place errors creep in is mixing a mass basis with a volume basis. Always know which one a number is on.
Mass fraction (w/w) — analyte mass ÷ total mass. Temperature-independent, so it's the reference basis for a gravimetric standard.
% w/w = (manalyte ÷ mtotal) × 100 ppm w/w = mg analyte per kg = × 10⁶Mass / volume (w/v) — analyte mass ÷ final volume. This is what a volumetric flask gives you.
mg/L = manalyte(mg) ÷ V(L) = g ÷ mL × 10⁶ · µg/mL ≡ mg/Lppm — the trap. In a dilute aqueous solution (density ≈ 1 g/mL) ppm w/w ≈ mg/L. In a hydrocarbon matrix (density ≈ 0.7 g/mL) they differ by ~30 % — 1 mg/L of sulfur in isooctane is ≈ 1.45 ppm w/w. State which you mean.
ppm w/w = (mg/L) ÷ density(g/mL)Molarity & normality.
M (mol/L) = (g/L) ÷ MW · N = M × (equivalents per mole)2 · Preparing standards
Purity correction. A "99.5 %" reagent is 0.5 % something-else. Weigh a little extra so the pure analyte still hits target — every value on a certificate must be purity-corrected.
manalyte = mweighed × (purity ÷ 100) → C = manalyte ÷ (mass or volume of the batch)Gravimetric vs volumetric. Gravimetric (weigh everything, w/w) is the more accurate and temperature-independent basis and is preferred for a reference standard; volumetric (make to a flask mark, w/v) is faster and carries the glassware tolerance into the result. Both live under Tools.
Dilution. Concentration × volume is conserved:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ · dilution factor DF = Vfinal ÷ Valiquot · Cdiluted = Cstock ÷ DF3 · Uncertainty & significant figures
A concentration without an uncertainty is an opinion. Independent contributions combine in quadrature (root-sum-of-squares), then expand by a coverage factor k.
uc = √(u₁² + u₂² + …) · U = k · uc k = 2 ≈ 95 % confidenceFor a weighed-then-diluted standard the two dominant terms are the balance readability d on each weighing and, for a volumetric prep, the flask tolerance ΔV:
U = 2 × √[(d ÷ mweighed)² + (ΔV ÷ Vfinal)²] × CSignificant figures — the rule the certificate follows: round the expanded uncertainty to two significant figures, then round the value so its last shown digit sits at the same decimal place as the uncertainty. Extra digits imply a precision the instrument doesn't have.
4 · Chromatography essentials
Retention factor (how long past the void the peak is held):
k = (tR − t₀) ÷ t₀ t₀ = unretained / void timeEfficiency (theoretical plates, from peak width):
N = 16 (tR ÷ w)² = 5.54 (tR ÷ w½)² w = baseline width, w½ = width at half heightResolution between two peaks — the number that decides whether you can quantify them. Rs ≥ 1.5 is baseline resolution.
Rs = 2(tR2 − tR1) ÷ (w₁ + w₂) = 1.18(tR2 − tR1) ÷ (w½1 + w½2)Response factor. Detectors don't respond equally per unit mass. A relative response factor scales an analyte's area against a reference (or internal standard):
RRF = (Aanalyte ÷ Canalyte) ÷ (Aref ÷ Cref)Detection & quantitation limits from the calibration (σ = SD of the blank or of the curve residuals, S = slope):
LOD = 3.3 σ ÷ S · LOQ = 10 σ ÷ SRetention index (Kovats) puts retention on a portable scale anchored to n-alkanes, so a compound is recognisable across runs and columns:
I = 100 [ n + (n′−n) · (log t′R(x) − log t′R(n)) ÷ (log t′R(n′) − log t′R(n)) ]Deeper tools — column selector, method resolution doctor, calibration & RRF, Kovats — live in the free MAI-Alchemy Toolbox.
5 · Spectroscopy & VUV
Beer–Lambert — absorbance is linear in concentration through path length and the compound's molar absorptivity:
A = ε · b · c · %T = 100 × 10−A ε = L·mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹, b = path (cm)Because ε is an intrinsic property, a spectrum is a compositional fingerprint — the basis for identifying and quantifying a species from its absorbance, calibration-free when ε is known.
Vacuum-UV (VUV) detection records a full 120–240 nm absorbance spectrum at every retention time. Most analytes have distinct VUV signatures even when they co-elute, so overlapping peaks can be deconvolved by spectral shape rather than separated in time — and isomers that are near-identical to other detectors are often distinguishable. This is the physics the LUMA library is built on.
6 · Constants & common solvents
Reference values at ~20–25 °C, from published data — verify against your lot's certificate for any critical calculation.
| Solvent | Density g/mL | BP °C | MW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isooctane (2,2,4-TMP) | 0.692 | 99.2 | 114.23 |
| n-Heptane | 0.684 | 98.4 | 100.20 |
| n-Hexane | 0.659 | 68.7 | 86.18 |
| Cyclohexane | 0.779 | 80.7 | 84.16 |
| Methanol | 0.792 | 64.7 | 32.04 |
| Ethanol | 0.789 | 78.4 | 46.07 |
| 2-Propanol | 0.785 | 82.6 | 60.10 |
| Acetone | 0.791 | 56.1 | 58.08 |
| Acetonitrile | 0.786 | 81.6 | 41.05 |
| Dichloromethane | 1.326 | 39.6 | 84.93 |
| Toluene | 0.867 | 110.6 | 92.14 |
| Carbon disulfide | 1.263 | 46.2 | 76.14 |
| Water | 0.998 | 100.0 | 18.02 |
| Physical constant | Value |
|---|---|
| Gas constant R | 8.314 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Molar volume, ideal gas (0 °C, 1 atm) | 22.414 L/mol |
| Molar volume, ideal gas (25 °C, 1 atm) | 24.465 L/mol |
| Avogadro's number | 6.022 × 10²³ /mol |
| Standard temperature (0 °C) | 273.15 K |
7 · Common ASTM / petrochemical methods
The methods the LUMA library and these tools are built around. Always work from the current published standard — the notes below are orientation, not a substitute.
Something you'd like explained here, or a worked example you keep re-deriving? Tell us on the Suggestions page — we add what gets asked for.